Reducing inappropriate ED attendances

In this systematic review published in the British Journal of General Practice, the authors reviewed studies published in English between 1986 and 2011, and concluded that telephone triage was the single best-evaluated intervention. "This resulted in negligible impact on [accident and emergency] attendance, but exhibited acceptable patient satisfaction and clinical safety; cost effectiveness was uncertain". The authors found limited evidence that other interventions contributed to reduced ED presentations.

Reducing inappropriate accidentand emergency department attendances: A systematic review of primary careservice interventions is free online.  

Ismail S, Gibbons D, Gnani S. (2013). British Journal of General Practice , 63(617), e813-e820